| High-frequency switch-mode transformer | From a few watts to several kilowatts, depending on the converter design | Operates from a switching circuit, commonly at tens of kilohertz or higher; output voltage is application-specific | Can provide galvanic isolation when designed and rated for it; not every switching power supply is isolated | Compact, efficient power supplies where size, weight, and a regulated output matter | Check isolation rating, insulation system, creepage and clearance, temperature rise, and whether the complete power supply—not just the transformer—meets the required safety standard. |
| 50/60 Hz isolation transformer | Commonly available from tens of volt-amperes to many kilovolt-amperes; exact limits depend on construction | Often used with 120 V, 230 V, or other regional mains systems at 50 or 60 Hz; secondary voltage is specified for the application | Yes, when constructed as an isolation transformer with separate primary and secondary windings | Mains voltage conversion, electrical separation, and equipment supplied from a dedicated secondary circuit | Isolation does not remove shock risk. Verify input taps, output rating, grounding and bonding arrangement, enclosure, inrush current, and overcurrent protection. |
| Autotransformer | Available across a broad range, from small equipment ratings to large power applications | Commonly used to adjust between nearby AC voltage levels, such as 208 V and 240 V, where the design permits | No galvanic isolation: input and output share part of the same winding | Voltage adjustment when isolation is not required and a smaller, often more economical unit is suitable | Do not use where electrical isolation is a safety requirement. Confirm the voltage difference, load current, grounding scheme, and suitability for the connected equipment. |
| Control transformer | Often tens of volt-amperes to a few kilovolt-amperes, depending on the control load | Common primary options include industrial supply voltages; common control outputs include 24 V or 120 V AC | Usually uses separate windings, but verify the specific unit’s rating and construction | Panels, contactors, relays, and other industrial control circuits with defined control-voltage requirements | Size for the combined steady-state and momentary inrush burden. Check secondary fusing, terminal protection, enclosure rating, and the equipment’s required control voltage. |
| Three-phase isolation transformer | Common in kilovolt-ampere ratings from small installations to large industrial systems | Voltage combinations depend on the system; examples include 208 V, 400 V, 480 V, and 600 V three-phase supplies at 50/60 Hz | Yes, when built with separate primary and secondary windings | Three-phase machinery, facility distribution, or systems needing a separately derived secondary supply | Confirm phase sequence, winding connection, vector group where relevant, neutral requirements, fault-current rating, grounding, ventilation, and protective-device coordination. |
| Electronic low-voltage lighting transformer | Often tens to a few hundred watts; the actual range depends on the lighting system | Typically converts mains input to low-voltage AC, commonly 12 V; many designs use high-frequency output | Varies by design; verify the specified input-to-output isolation and the intended use | Compatible low-voltage lamps or lighting systems where a compact electronic supply is appropriate | Check minimum and maximum load, lamp compatibility, dimmer compatibility, output type, cable length limits, ventilation, and whether the output is suitable for the installation location. |